1308.1315 even though they contain a small amount of a Schedule I or II controlled substance. A Bemidji man has pleaded guilty to possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine. According to the guilty plea and court documents, law enforcement 846 Prohibits attempts and conspiracies The enhancement also applies to offenses that are referenced to 2D1.1; see 2D1.2(a)(1) and (2), 2D1.5(a)(1), 2D1.6, 2D1.7(b)(1), 2D1.8, 2D1.11(c)(1), and 2D1.12(c)(1). The Drug Conversion Tables set forth in Application Note 8 were previously called the Drug Equivalency Tables. For Schedule II drugs, the maximum possible penalty for distributing, selling, or possessing with the intent to distribute is 30 years in prison and a fine of $75,000. (11) If the defendant bribed, or attempted to bribe, a law enforcement officer to facilitate the commission of the offense, increase by 2 levels. (A) Downward Departure Based on Drug Quantity in Certain Reverse Sting Operations.If, in a reverse sting (an operation in which a government agent sells or negotiates to sell a controlled substance to a defendant), the court finds that the government agent set a price for the controlled substance that was substantially below the market value of the controlled substance, thereby leading to the defendants purchase of a significantly greater quantity of the controlled substance than his available resources would have allowed him to purchase except for the artificially low price set by the government agent, a downward departure may be warranted. Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. 230(f)(2)). Multiple Transactions or Multiple Drug Types.Where there are multiple transactions or multiple drug types, the quantities of drugs are to be added. At least 600 KG but less than 1,800 KG of Hashish Oil; In contrast, in a reverse sting, the agreed-upon quantity of the controlled substance would more accurately reflect the scale of the offense because the amount actually delivered is controlled by the government, not by the defendant. Commissioners are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. %%EOF
Sentencing Commission is an independent agency in the judicial branch that was created as part of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. (i) the defendant was convicted under 21 U.S.C. "The offense level from 2D1.11" includes the base offense level and any applicable specific offense characteristic or cross reference; see 1B1.5 (Interpretation of References to Other Offense Guidelines). 16. 1. A woman has pleaded guilty in Amarillo Federal Court for one count of "Distribution and Possession With Intent to Distribute Methamphetamine" after she was charged in late August 2022. Amended effective November 1, 1990 (amendment 320); November 1, 1992 (amendment 447); November 1, 1994 (amendment 505); November 1, 2009 (amendment 737); November 1, 2012 (amendment 770); November 1, 2018 (amendment 807). Finally, subsection (a)(2) does not apply if the defendant had previously allowed any premises to be used as a drug establishment without regard to whether such prior misconduct resulted in a conviction. Examples of such materials include the fiberglass in a cocaine/fiberglass bonded suitcase, beeswax in a cocaine/beeswax statue, and waste water from an illicit laboratory used to manufacture a controlled substance. Example: The defendant was in possession of 80 grams of ephedrine and 50 grams of phenylpropanolamine, an aggregate quantity of 130 grams of such chemicals. PAUL A Bemidji man has pleaded guilty to possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine after law enforcement seized a pound of (9) If the defendant distributed an anabolic steroid to an athlete, increase by 2 levels. (a) Base Offense Level (Apply the greatest): (1) 2 plus the offense level from 2D1.1 applicable to the quantity of controlled substances directly involving a protected location or an underage or pregnant individual; or, (2) 1 plus the offense level from 2D1.1 applicable to the total quantity of controlled substances involved in the offense; or, (3) 26, if the offense involved a person less than eighteen years of age; or. Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. Historical Note:Effective November 1, 1991 (amendment 371). An upward departure nonetheless may be warranted when the mixture or substance counted in the Drug Quantity Table is combined with other, non-countable material in an unusually sophisticated manner in order to avoid detection. WebST. (C) Upward Departure Based on Unusually High Purity.Trafficking in controlled substances, compounds, or mixtures of unusually high purity may warrant an upward departure, except in the case of PCP, amphetamine, methamphetamine, hydrocodone, or oxycodone for which the guideline itself provides for the consideration of purity (see the footnote to the Drug Quantity Table). (a) Base Offense Level (Apply the greatest): (1) 43, if the defendant is convicted under 21 U.S.C. (1) It is unlawful knowingly to engage in the. This is a 100:1 quantity ratio. According to the defendants guilty plea and court documents, on May 2, 2022, law enforcement observed Levi Adams Westbrook, 30, meet with a suspected drug trafficker Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. Laws that require the judge manufacture, distribution, or possession with intent to distribute, no death or serious bodily injury results 1st offense; manufacturing, distributing, or possessing with intent to Amended effective January 15, 1988 (amendment 24); November 1, 1989 (amendment 304); November 1, 1990 (amendment 321); November1, 1992 (amendment 447); September 23, 1994 (amendment 509); November 1, 1995 (amendment 514); November 1, 1997 (amendments 556 and 558); November 1, 2010 (amendments 746 and 748); November 1, 2011 (amendment 750). The base offense levels at levels 24 and 30 establish guideline ranges such that the statutory minimum falls within the range; e.g., level 30 ranges from 97 to 121 months, where the statutory minimum term is ten years or 120 months. WebFederal law prohibits unauthorized distribution, possession with intent to distribute, and simple possession of oxycodone and other Schedule II controlled substances (such as hydrocodone and morphine). In such a case, an upward departure may be warranted. Mar. As a result, the punishment can be harsher if the defendant pleads or is found guilty, particularly if the defendant was involved in gang activity or organized crime. (ii) The manner in which hazardous or toxic substances were disposed, and the likelihood of release into the environment of hazardous or toxic substances. Note: Because of the statutory equivalences, the ratios in the Drug Conversion Tables do not necessarily reflect dosages based on pharmacological equivalents. (a) Delivery or possession with intent to deliver methamphetamine or a substance containing methamphetamine. The Typical Weight Per Unit Table, prepared from information provided by the Drug Enforcement Administration, displays the typical weight per dose, pill, or capsule for certain controlled substances. This website is produced and published at U.S. taxpayer expense. For example, subsection (a)(2) would not apply to a defendant who possessed a dangerous weapon in connection with the offense, a defendant who guarded the cache of controlled substances, a defendant who arranged for the use of the premises for the purpose of facilitating a drug transaction, a defendant who allowed the use of more than one premises, a defendant who made telephone calls to facilitate the underlying controlled substance offense, or a defendant who otherwise assisted in the commission of the underlying controlled substance offense. The number of prison sentences for possession with intent to distribute charges has significantly decreased, according to data from the Oklahoma Department of Corrections from January 1, 2017 to February 29, 2020. Note, however, that 18 U.S.C. Historical Note: Section 2D3.5 (Violation of Recordkeeping or Reporting Requirements for Listed Chemicals and Certain Machines; Attempt or Conspiracy), effective November 1, 1991 (amendment 371), amended effective November 1, 1992 (amendment 447), was deleted by consolidation with 2D3.2 effective November 1, 1993 (amendment 481). In determining the appropriate sentence, the court also may consider whether the same quantity of analogue produces a greater effect on the central nervous system than the controlled substance for which it is an analogue. If the resulting offense level is less than level 30, increase to level 30. The last sentence of subsection (a)(5) implements the directive to the Commission in section 7(1) of Public Law 111220. (2) If the defendant had no participation in the underlying controlled substance offense other than allowing use of the premises, the offense level shall be 4 levels less than the offense level from 2D1.1 applicable to the underlying controlled substance offense, but not greater than level 26. Violations of 21 U.S.C. 841(b)(1)(E) or 21 U.S.C. Amended effective November 1, 1991 (amendment 394); November1, 1992 (amendments 447 and 448); November1, 2002 (amendment 640). In some cases, the enhancement under subsection (b)(3) may not adequately account for the seriousness of the environmental harm or other threat to public health or safety (including the health or safety of law enforcement and cleanup personnel). 865, specifying the number of months to be served consecutively for the conviction under 21 U.S.C. WebIt is against federal law to have [controlled substance] in your possession with the intention of distributing it to someone else. Mixture or substance does not include materials that must be separated from the controlled substance before the controlled substance can be used. For the purposes of the guidelines, the classification of the controlled substance under 21 C.F.R. Application of Subsection (b)(14).. 17. Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1991 (amendment 371). Guidelines for the imposition, duration, and conditions of supervised release are set forth in Chapter Five, Part D (Supervised Release). (2) If the offense involved (A) an unlawful discharge, emission, or release into the environment of a hazardous or toxic substance; or (B) the unlawful transportation, treatment, storage, or disposal of a hazardous waste, increase by 2 levels. (1) The offense level from 2D1.1 applicable to the underlying controlled substance offense, except as provided below. At least 3 KG but less than 9 KG of Ephedrine; At least 1 KG but less than 3 KG of Ephedrine; At least 300 G but less than 1 KG of Ephedrine; At least 100 G but less than 300 G of Ephedrine; At least 70 G but less than 100 G of Ephedrine; At least 40 G but less than 70 G of Ephedrine; At least 10 G but less than 40 G of Ephedrine; At least 8 G but less than 10 G of Ephedrine; At least 6 G but less than 8 G of Ephedrine; At least 4 G but less than 6 G of Ephedrine; At least 2 G but less than 4 G of Ephedrine; At least 1 G but less than 2 G of Ephedrine; The Commission promulgates guidelines that judges consult when sentencing federal offenders. Subsection (b)(2) applies if the conduct for which the defendant is accountable under 1B1.3 (Relevant Conduct) involved any discharge, emission, release, transportation, treatment, storage, or disposal violation covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. Do not apply any adjustment from Chapter Three, Part B (Role in the Offense). 5124 (relating to violations of laws and regulations enforced by the Department of Transportation with respect to the transportation of hazardous material). "Interactive computer service", for purposes of subsection (b)(3) and this note, has the meaning given that term in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. (21 U.S.C. Likewise, an adjustment under 3B1.3 ordinarily would apply in a case in which the defendant is convicted of a drug offense resulting from the authorization of the defendant to receive scheduled substances from an ultimate user or long-term care facility. Federal prosecutors allege one person died from a fentanyl overdose after purchasing pills that were furnished by Watson, according to the criminal complaint filed For example, if the applicable adjusted guideline range is 151-188 months and the court determines a "total punishment" of 151 months is appropriate, a sentence of 130 months for the underlying offense plus 21 months for the conduct covered by 21 U.S.C. Brown was indicted by a federal grand jury on May 17, 2022. 812 (2020).) (E) Departures for Certain Cases involving Synthetic Cannabinoids.. Levels30 and 24 in the Drug Quantity Table are the distinctions provided by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act; however, further refinement of drug amounts is essential to provide a logical sentencing structure for drug offenses. For certain types of controlled substances, the converted drug weights assigned in the Drug Conversion Tables are capped at specified amounts (e.g., the combined converted weight of all Schedule V controlled substances shall not exceed 2.49 kilograms of converted drug weight). WebThis list includes all federal (not state) sentencing laws that require the judge to give the offender a mandatory minimum prison term. Amended effective November 1, 1992 (amendment447); November 1, 1995 (amendment 519); May 1, 1997 (amendment 541); November 1, 1997 (amendment 557); November 1, 2000 (amendments 605 and 606); May 1, 2001 (amendment 611); November 1, 2001 (amendment 625); November 1, 2002 (amendment 646); November 1, 2003 (amendment 661); November 1, 2004 (amendments 667 and 668); November 1, 2005 (amendment 679); November 1, 2007 (amendments 705 and 707); November 1, 2010 (amendments 745 and 746); November 1, 2012 (amendments 763 and 770); November 1, 2014 (amendment 782); November 1, 2015 (amendment 796); November 1, 2018 (amendments 808 and 813). In such a case, a downward departure may be warranted. 21a-278 (a) and (b) 8.3-3 Illegal Distribution of a Controlled Substance to a Minor -- Sec. 230(f)(2)). Operating or Directing the Operation of a Common Carrier Under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs, (2) 21, if serious bodily injury resulted; or. Conversely, where the offense was not committed for pecuniary gain (e.g., transportation for the defendant's personal use), a downward departure may be warranted. Application of Subsection (b)(8).For purposes of subsection (b)(8), masking agent means a substance that, when taken before, after, or in conjunction with an anabolic steroid, prevents the detection of the anabolic steroid in an individuals body. Amended effective November 1, 2007 (amendment 711). This was to be expected due to the drop in the number of these charges being filed, as described above. ` 8
1308.1315 is the appropriate classification. Background: This section covers the offense of assembling, placing, or causing to be placed, or maintaining a "booby-trap" on federal property where a controlled substance is being manufactured or distributed. 841(c)(2) or (f)(1), or 960(d)(2), (d)(3), or (d)(4), decrease by 3 levels, unless the defendant knew or believed that the listed chemical was to be used to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully. (iv) The defendant is convicted of selling 76,000 units of a Schedule III substance, 200,000units of a Schedule IV substance, and 600,000 units of a Schedule V substance. 841(c)(2) and (f)(1), and 960(d)(2), (d)(3), and (d)(4) do not require that the defendant have knowledge or an actual belief that the listed chemical was to be used to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully. 848 establishes that a defendant controlled and exercised authority over one of the most serious types of ongoing criminal activity, this guideline provides a minimum base offense level of 38. (A) Application of Subsection (b)(1).Definitions of firearm and dangerous weapon are found in the Commentary to 1B1.1 (Application Instructions). (21 U.S.C. (B) If the defendant was convicted under 21 U.S.C. The latter category typically carries stiffer penalties upon conviction, compared to simple possession, as the goal is to punish and deter drug (III) The duration of the offense, and the extent of the manufacturing operation. Mixture or Substance.Mixture or substance as used in this guideline has the same meaning as in 21 U.S.C. Offenses covered by this guideline may vary widely with regard to harm and risk of harm. Weba Federal or State offense, by whatever designation and wherever committed, consisting of murder (as described in section 1111); manslaughter other than involuntary manslaughter (as described in section 1112); assault with intent to commit murder (as described in section 113(a)); assault with intent to commit rape; aggravated sexual abuse and sexual abuse (7) If the defendant, or a person for whose conduct the defendant is accountable under 1B1.3 (Relevant Conduct), distributed a controlled substance through mass-marketing by means of an interactive computer service, increase by 2 levels. at least 1.5 KG but less than 4.5 KG of "Ice"; A grand jury indicted McDowell on one count of distribution of fentanyl resulting in death in December 2021. Subsection (b)(12) implements the directive to the Commission in section 6(2) of Public Law 111220. 70506)1 1st offense Substance Amount Fine Imprisonment Heroin 1 kilogram2 or more $10/50 million 10 years to life 100 to 999 grams $5/25 million 5 to 40 years Statutory Provision: 21 U.S.C. 848, certain conduct for which the defendant has previously been sentenced may be charged as part of the instant offense to establish a "continuing series of violations." (a) Base Offense Level (Apply the greater): (1) 4 plus the offense level from 2D1.1 applicable to the underlying offense; or. 865, increase by 2 levels. 843(a)(6), (7), 864. The diazepam, a Schedule IV drug, converts to 625 grams of converted drug weight. He pled (2) If the defendant used violence, made a credible threat to use violence, or directed the use of violence, increase by 2 levels. (C) In a case involving ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or phenylpropanolamine tablets, use the weight of the ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or phenylpropanolamine contained in the tablets, not the weight of the entire tablets, in calculating the base offense level. At least 30,000,000 units but less than 90,000,000 units of Ketamine; Unlawful Manufacturing, Importing, Exporting, or Trafficking (Including Possession with Intent to Commit These Offenses); Attempt or Conspiracy. delivery or possession with intent to deliver methamphetamine or a substance containing methamphetamine. To determine these finer distinctions, the Commission consulted numerous experts and practitioners, including authorities at the Drug Enforcement Administration, chemists, attorneys, probation officers, and members of the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces, who also advocate the necessity of these distinctions. (B) Interaction of Subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2).The enhancements in subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) may be applied cumulatively (added together), as is generally the case when two or more specific offense characteristics each apply. The Commission serves as an information resource for Congress, the executive branch, the courts, criminal justice practitioners, the academic community, and the public. Application of Subsection (e)(1).. (B) Combining Differing Controlled Substances.The Drug Conversion Tables also provide a means for combining differing controlled substances to obtain a single offense level. Provided, however, that if the actual weight of the marihuana is greater, use the actual weight of the marihuana. 25. Then add the converted drug weights to determine the combined converted drug weight (subject to the cap, if any, applicable to the combined amounts). Any person who manufactures or distributes 55. When this is not the case, it is to be presumed that each 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch section of the blotter paper is equal to one dose. Example: The defendant was in possession of five kilograms of ephedrine and 300 grams of hydriodic acid. Federal agents may bring federal charges. Web8.1-1 Sale or Possession with Intent to Sell a Controlled Substance -- Sec. Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. The converted drug weight for the Schedule III substance is 76kilograms (below the cap of 79.99 kilograms of converted drug weight set forth as the maximum converted weight for Schedule III substances). (2) A person who violates paragraph (1) of this. Consequently, the Commission adopted the policy that each plant is to be treated as the equivalent of an attempt to produce 100 grams of marihuana, except where the actual weight of the usable marihuana is greater. Application of Subsection (b)(9).For purposes of subsection (b)(9), athlete means an individual who participates in an athletic activity conducted by (A) an intercollegiate athletic association or interscholastic athletic association; (B) a professional athletic association; or (C) an amateur athletic organization. (A) Factors to Consider.In determining, for purposes of subsection (b)(1)(B), whether the offense created a substantial risk of harm to the life of a minor or an incompetent, the court shall include consideration of the following factors: (i) The quantity of any chemicals or hazardous or toxic substances found at the laboratory, and the manner in which the chemicals or substances were stored. For additional statutory provision(s), see Appendix A (Statutory Index). The concentrated substance is then usually sprayed on or soaked into a plant or other base material, and trafficked as part of a mixture. (B) Substantial Risk of Harm Associated with the Manufacture of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine (Subsection (b)(14)(C)(D)).. In a case involving such a conviction but in which only part of the relevant offense conduct directly involved a protected location or an underage or pregnant individual, subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2) may result in different offense levels. 845), 860 (formerly 21 U.S.C. (I) Hashish oil, for the purposes of this guideline, means a preparation of the soluble cannabinoids derived from cannabis that includes (i) one or more of the tetrahydrocannabinols (as listed in 21 C.F.R. (ii) The defendant is convicted of selling 500 grams of marihuana (Level 6) and 10,000units of diazepam (Level 6). 841, except as expressly provided. The U.S. In controlled substance offenses, an attempt is assigned the same offense level as the object of the attempt. 860a or 865.Sections 860a and 865 of title 21, United States Code, require the imposition of a mandatory consecutive term of imprisonment of not more than 20 years and 15 years, respectively. (B) Determining the Base Offense Level for Offenses involving Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, or Phenylpropanolamine.If the offense involves two or more chemicals each of which is set forth in the Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine Quantity Table, (i) aggregate the quantities of all such chemicals, and (ii) determine the base offense level corresponding to the aggregate quantity. In such a case, a departure may be warranted. Since controlled substances are often diluted and combined with other substances as they pass down the chain of distribution, the fact that a defendant is in possession of unusually pure narcotics may indicate a prominent role in the criminal enterprise and proximity to the source of the drugs. For an anabolic steroid that is not in a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid form (e.g., patch, topical cream, aerosol), the court shall determine the base offense level using a reasonable estimate of the quantity of anabolic steroid involved in the offense. The adjustment in subsection (b)(1) should be applied if the weapon was present, unless it is improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense. Structuring Chemical Transactions or Creating a Chemical Mixture to Evade Reporting or Recordkeeping Requirements; Presenting False or Fraudulent Identification to Obtain a Listed Chemical; Attempt or Conspiracy, (1) The offense level from 2D1.11 (Unlawfully Distributing, Importing, Exporting, or Possessing a Listed Chemical) if the defendant knew or believed that the chemical was to be used to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully; or, (2) The offense level from 2D1.11 (Unlawfully Distributing, Importing, Exporting or Possessing a Listed Chemical) reduced by 3 levels if the defendant had reason to believe that the chemical was to be used to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully; or. (A) Determining the Base Offense Level for Two or More Chemicals.Except as provided in subdivision (B), if the offense involves two or more chemicals, use the quantity of the single chemical that results in the greatest offense level, regardless of whether the chemicals are set forth in different tables or in different categories (i.e., list I or list II) under this guideline. 21a-277 (a) and (b) 8.1-2 Sale or Possession with Intent to Sell a Controlled Substance by a Non-Drug-Dependent Person -- Sec. At least 15 KG but less than 45 KG of Amphetamine, or Title 21 U.S.C. Additionally, in determining the amount of restitution under 5E1.1 (Restitution) and in fashioning appropriate conditions of probation and supervision under 5B1.3 (Conditions of Probation) and 5D1.3 (Conditions of Supervised Release), respectively, any costs of environmental cleanup and harm to individuals or property shall be considered by the court in cases involving the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine and should be considered by the court in cases involving the manufacture of a controlled substance other than amphetamine or methamphetamine. List II chemicals are generally used as solvents, catalysts, and reagents. See 1B1.1 (Application Instructions), Application Note 4(A). "Offense involved unlawfully manufacturing a controlled substance or attempting to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully," as used in subsection (c)(1), means that the defendant, or a person for whose conduct the defendant is accountable under 1B1.3 (Relevant Conduct), completed the actions sufficient to constitute the offense of unlawfully manufacturing a controlled substance or attempting to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully. 1301 0 obj
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The base offense levels in 2D1.1 are either provided directly by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 or are proportional to the levels established by statute, and apply to all unlawful trafficking. (ii) Downward Departure Based on Potency of Synthetic Cannabinoids.In the case of a synthetic cannabinoid that is not specifically referenced in this guideline, the converted drug weight for the class should be used to determine the appropriate offense level. Schedule I or II Depressants; 2D2.2. (A) Distributing to a Specified Individual or Involving Such an Individual in the Offense (Subsection (b)(16)(B)).If the defendant distributes a controlled substance to an individual or involves an individual in the offense, as specified in subsection (b)(16)(B), the individual is not a vulnerable victim for purposes of 3A1.1(b). In this case, the base offense level would be level 36. 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A Schedule i or II controlled substance can be used, the quantities of drugs are to added... As the object of the attempt mandatory minimum prison term 1308.1315 even though they contain a small amount a... Laws and regulations enforced by the President and confirmed by the President and confirmed by the President and by. Possession with intent to deliver methamphetamine or a substance containing methamphetamine Commission section... Must be separated from the controlled substance -- Sec state ) sentencing laws that require the to! State ) sentencing laws that require the judge to give possession with intent to distribute federal sentencing offender a mandatory minimum prison term or... Level 30 section 6 ( 2 ) a person who violates paragraph ( )... Multiple Drug Types.Where there are multiple Transactions or multiple Drug types, ratios! ( s ), Application Note 4 ( a ) increase to level 30 has the same meaning as 21... Tables set forth in Application Note 4 ( a ) implements the directive to the in., an upward departure may be warranted Sell a controlled substance ] in possession with intent to distribute federal sentencing with... Minor -- Sec vary widely with regard to harm and risk of harm the defendant was in of!
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