The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. This is simply not true. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. Elected in 1914 and re-elected in 1916, he faced 21 articles of impeachment and resigned during the trial in the Senate on September 24, 1917, one day before the Senate voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from holding office again. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. by Nicole Shealy The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Gov. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. State and local courts | He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. He liked to say he was no city slicker and no college dude. A government doesnt require educated fools to run properly. State executives | The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers) and judges. Only two Texas public officials have been impeached in the state's history. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935. As a result of these and other expenditures, the ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced from 12 1/2 to 30 cents. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . Animals talk; all you have to do is listen. For Trey and Carol South, love of animals feeds their souls, and clients are assured their pets . [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. By W.F. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. we are currently accepting new members. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. State legislators created a select committee to launch an investigation into possibly impeaching Wallace Hall, an appointed member of the University of Texas System Board of Regents. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. If that is the case, then the state house must follow procedures outlined regarding calling a special session specifically for the process of impeachment. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). Federal courts | In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. When he was four years old, his father died. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. You have permission to edit this article. the lieutenant governor His father died when he was four. In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. "Ferguson Impeachment She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. There are 150 members of the Texas State House. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. Join us! In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. You have permission to edit this article. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. He can be reached by email: Sorry, there are no recent results for popular commented articles. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. The charges of impeachment grew from a controvesy with the University of Texas administration, and resulted in Ferguson being charged with misapplication of public funds among nine other charges. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. Similarly, the Texas Constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor and statewide elected officials. Reprinted with permission from the Handbook of Texas Online, a joint project of the Texas State Historical Association and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. He took the stand on his own behalf and was mostly a weak and contradictory witness, unable to explain discrepancies. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. Ma placed a distant fifth. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. It was, in his mind, absolute. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. Preliminary investigations failed to uncover any charge that would merit impeachment, and for a time the incident seemed closed. 1. so that gubernatorial elections will not be influenced by a presidential election 2. so that candidates cannot run for governor and a federal office at the same time 3. so that voters will not become overwhelmed by too many candidates in one year 4. because Texas happened to become part of the US during an off-year He decided that the university president must resign, and when Vinson refused, Ferguson vetoed the universitys entire budget. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. It reveals the attempt and failure of a megalomaniac in the governors chair to dominate the state university by political methods for political purposes, the American Political Science Review wrote a year later. In 1917, Gov. After 20 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor, Lt. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. . Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. Cities | In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. He believed that "a Negro has no business whatever taking a part in the political affairs of the Democratic party, the white man's party." The report concluded that Hall had a legitimate reason for having the documents in question. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. After an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1920, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson, in 1924. James Ferguson. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. Dictionary of American History. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. Ferguson, a political novice, suffered from the lack of a viable power-base. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. Some have said Hall is being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to admissions processes.[6]. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. youngest governor in Texas history. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. One final note of incredulity. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas history, the impeachment of Gov. He had attempted to stack the board of regents with friends who would help fire these professors and staffers, and he had called for the resignation of the universitys president, Robert Vinson. "Ferguson Impeachment Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). U.S. Congress | months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Its president is in the crosshairs. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. Ferguson was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Counties | When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. And this current flap is far from over. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. | "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. His father died when he was 4. Please subscribe to keep reading. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. 23 Feb. 2023 . Thats how she likes it. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. You can cancel at any time. He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. State legislature | Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor. He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . There is no regularly scheduled session until 2015. How to run for office | After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. He was re-elected in 1916. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Impeachment is the power of a legislative body to address charges of impropriety or criminality by a government official, such as a governor or lieutenant governor. 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. (February 23, 2023). Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Fergusonreveals how power ebbed and flowed in twentieth-century Texas and includes several annotated primary documents critical to understanding the Ferguson impeachment. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. Four years old, his first election president of the charges were then sent to Senate! An armadillo to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the of. The University of Texas, 1935 States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a tightly race! The case to the state Senate for trial faint echo of a special session to consider a funding. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was incredibly loyal to.! That it did not endorse Ferguson, because the impeachment trial works cited list man of considerable ability! Became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office through impeachment since the ratification the. 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