It came alive. Many of the historical sayings documented in my book such as referring to a modern-day sex worker by the 13th century term, soiled dove, or employing a 200-year-old name for a gay man, backgammon player would now be unacceptable to someone or other online, busily taking offence on behalf of everyone else. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Perhaps that explains why jazz musicians earlier in this century invented the vocabulary. To crack a crib: to break open a house., Vulgar Tongues: An Alternative History of English Slang by Max Dcharn is published by Serpents Tail (14.99). Blowing the Blues Away featured a tenor saxophone duel between Gordon and Ammons. Guitarist Charlie Christian, who had arrived in New York in 1939 was, like Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern style. WebLooking to understand the history of American slang words? Since the 1980s, a new wave of puritanism has emerged that increasingly seeks to ban anything it holds to be suspect. You can often hear WebThe jazz forms of swing, blues, and bebop are all very different, but still alike in some ways. He was especially enthralled by their tenor saxophone player Lester Young, who played long flowing melodic lines that wove in and out of the chordal structure of the composition but somehow always made musical sense. On this trade thingy . Typically, a theme (a "head," often the main melody of a pop or jazz standard of the swing era) would be presented together at the beginning and the end of each piece, with improvisational solos based on the chords of the compositions. The Kansas City approach to swing was epitomized by the Count Basie Orchestra, which came to national prominence in 1937. In any case, bebop, which was invented in the 1940s, has little in common with doo-wop, other than theyre both forms of music chiefly invented and perfected by African-American musicians, Mailer described the hipsters as individuals "with a middle-class background (who) attempt to put down their whiteness and adopt what they believe is the carefree, spontaneous, cool lifestyle of Negro hipsters: their manner of speaking and language, their use of milder narcotics, their appreciation of jazz and the blues, and their supposed concern with the good orgasm. WebJazz is a kind of music in which improvisation is typically an important part. The majority of Arabic pop music is produced and originated in Cairo, Egypt. Put the lint rollers away, we so arent talking about pesky pet hair here. [3] A variation, "rebop", appears in several 1939 recordings. Whybeing bilingual works wonders for your brain, When its OK to swear in front of children, Mymessage to the HSBC boss who says dialect is dying: Get real, ya wallapur, Ramsay MacDonald, Britains first Labour prime minister, declared. Bebop has roots in swing music and involves fast tempos, adventurous improvisation, complex harmonies and chord progressions, and a focus on individual virtuosity. Bebop musicians also employed several harmonic devices not typical of previous jazz. In 1991, Detroit rapper and producer J Dilla notably dubbed himself a funky beat maker The term has become a staple in hip-hop and electronic music. Much slang starts out as a kind of low-level guerrilla warfare directed at straight society, designed to keep out the squares, or annoy them, and is then abandoned by the originators once the words have become common currency. Gillespie landed the first recording date with a major label for the new music, with the RCA Bluebird label recording Dizzy Gillespie And his Orchestra on February 22, 1946 (52nd Street Theme, A Night in Tunisia, Ol' Man Rebop, Anthropology). It was later frequently shortened to bop, and a later development in the 1950s that had an earthier, more bluesy quality came to be known as hard bop. The format of the Eckstine band, featuring vocalists and entertaining banter, would later be emulated by Gillespie and others leading bebop-oriented big bands in a style that might be termed "popular bebop". Bawdy, mocking, occasionally brutal, superbly inventive and yet somehow overwhelmingly good-hearted, it helped fuel my interest these past 30-odd years in the language of everyday people not as heard in drawing rooms or public orations, but late at night three sheets to the wind, or dodging shells in the trenches, when circumstances call for choice expressions that sum things up or cut them down. He also began working with musical greats such as Fitzgerald, Earl Hines, Jimmy Dorsey and Parker around this time. He played a cool song to mellow out the crowd. Are some of todays buzzwords as of-the-moment as we think they are? The bebop subculture, defined as a non-conformist group expressing its values through musical communion, would echo in the attitude of the psychedelia-era hippies of the 1960s. While small swing ensembles commonly functioned without a bassist, the new bop style required a bass in every small ensemble. Now, the bass not only maintained the music's harmonic foundation, but also became responsible for establishing a metronomic rhythmic foundation by playing a "walking" bass line of four quarter notes to the bar. Bebop originated as "musicians' music", played by musicians with other money-making gigs who did not care about the commercial potential of the new music. Slang has always evolved one step ahead of the mainstream. as one until the 1940s, but likely derives from the 1740 Dutch word. Book review The Birth of Bebop: A Social and Musical History By Scott Deveaux, University of California Press, 1997, 664 pages, $35.00. lang has always fascinated me. Christian is featured in recordings from May 12, 1941 (Esoteric ES 548). Find and record a definition for dating from three different sources. Some of the most influential bebop artists, who were typically composer-performers, are alto sax player Charlie Parker; tenor sax players Dexter Gordon, Sonny Rollins, and James Moody; clarinet player Buddy DeFranco; trumpeters Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, Miles Davis, and Dizzy Gillespie; pianists Bud Powell and Thelonious Monk; electric guitarist Charlie Christian; and drummers Kenny Clarke, Max Roach, and Art Blakey. Bebop (the term wasnt the musicians own; Clarke said, We called ourselves modern) arose on the brink of the Second World War, and came to fruition [16] Part of the atmosphere created at jams like the ones found at Minton's Playhouse was an air of exclusivity: the "regular" musicians would often reharmonize the standards, add complex rhythmic and phrasing devices into their melodies, or "heads", and play them at breakneck tempos in order to exclude those whom they considered outsiders or simply weaker players. If you have no clue what we just said, fear not. More recently, hip-hop artists (A Tribe Called Quest, Guru) have cited bebop as an influence on their rapping and rhythmic style. In jazz, clinkeris a bad note, in reference to the literal notes of music a musician plays. Gillespie recorded his first session as a leader on January 9, 1945, for the Manor label, with Don Byas on tenor, Trummy Young on trombone, Clyde Hart on Piano, Oscar Pettiford on bass, and Irv Kluger on drums. 3. This practice was already well-established in earlier jazz, but came to be central to the bebop style. Summer 1967, vol. He saw the beat generation as people with intense conviction who happened to be a bit down and out. Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early-to-mid-1940s in the United States. Web* Bebop musicians conveyed their feelings about social issues of the day in many different ways and one of those was through nonconformity, a refusal of all things conformist or mainstream, which comprised of a reaction against American racism and segregation. Those who incorporated Russell's ideas into the bebop foundation defined the post-bop movement that later incorporated modal jazz into its musical language. The style made use of several relatively common chord progressions, such as blues (at base, I-IV-V, but infused with II-V motion) and 'rhythm changes' (I-VI-II-V, the chords to the 1930s pop standard "I Got Rhythm"). The term cool derives from what journalists perceived as an understated or subdued feeling in the music of Miles Davis, the Modern Jazz Quartet, Gerry Mulligan, Lennie Tristano, and others. Sir Charles Thompson's all-star session of September 4, 1945 for the Apollo label (Takin' Off, If I Had You, Twentieth Century Blues, The Street Beat) featured Parker and Gordon. Webthe slang term for the "hot" style of jazz The type of jazz that put jazz back into the mainstream of American music in the 1950s was Modal Jazz Cool Funk Hard Bop Bebop Cool jazz was performed by both white and black musicians in most of Americas major cities white musicians exclusively black musicians exclusively mostly women Music musicians played to free themselves from standard styles. Before the Civil Rights Movement, Gillespie was confronting the racial divide by lampooning it. At times, the terms bebop and rebop were used interchangeably. Voicing experiments based on bebop harmonic devices were used by Miles Davis and Gil Evans for the groundbreaking "Birth of the Cool" sessions in 1949 and 1950. Charlie Parker and Clyde Hart were recorded in a quintet led by guitarist Tiny Grimes for the Savoy label on September 15, 1944 (Tiny's Tempo, I'll Always Love You Just the Same, Romance Without Finance, Red Cross). As musicians and composers began to work with expanded music theory during the mid-1950s, its adaptation by musicians who worked it into the basic dynamic approach of bebop would lead to the development of post-bop. In the 1950s, it colloquially became defined as a stupid mistake when used outside of jazz. Watch the trailer for Beat Girl, repository of choice slang such as straight from the fridge, dad. [citation needed], With the imminent demise of the big swing bands, bebop had become the dynamic focus of the jazz world, with a broad-based "progressive jazz" movement seeking to emulate and adapt its devices. Slang used to come from the street, from the working stiffs, the grafters, the taxi-dancers, the jack-rollers, the winchester geese, the hep-cats, the old lags, the mollies, the lobsters and the jug-bitten. Later Afro-Cuban styled recordings for Bluebird in collaboration with Cuban rumberos Chano Pozo and Sabu Martinez, and arrangers Gil Fuller and George Russell (Manteca, Cubana Be, Cubana Bop, Guarache Guaro) would be among his most popular, giving rise to the Latin dance music craze of the late 1940s and early 1950s. All The Pasta Shape Names Explained: How Many Do You Know. The words hep and hip are of uncertain origin, with numerous competing theories being proposed. [5] Dizzy Gillespie stated that the audiences coined the name after hearing him scat the then-nameless compositions to his players and the press ultimately picked it up, using it as an official term: "People, when they'd wanna ask for those numbers and didn't know the name, would ask for bebop. Saxophonist Paul Klemperer described this term to ezine, as the place where you work out the techniques that form the foundation of your improvisational ability.. Bebop chord voicings often dispensed with the root and fifth tones, instead basing them on the leading intervals that defined the tonality of the chord. Hipster or hepcat, as used in the 1940s, referred to aficionados of Jump Blues and jazz, in particular bebop, which became popular in the early 1940s. (Critical essay) Black Music Research Journal 22 Mar 2005. When I get up, Mama is in the kitchen brewing tea. The term refers fairly exclusively to the rhythmic section, and it means they are playing perfectly in sync with one another. The Eckstine band was recorded on V-discs, which were broadcast over the Armed Forces Radio Network and gained popularity for the band showcasing the new bebop style. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Webfeaturing individual musicians as soloists was one of bebops foremost traits; the musicians typically only played together at the beginning and ending of a piece as they After appearing as a sideman in the R&B-oriented Cootie Williams Orchestra through 1944, Bud Powell was in bebop sessions led by Frankie Socolow on May 2, 1945 for the Duke label (The Man I Love, Reverse the Charges, Blue Fantasy, September in the Rain), then Dexter Gordon on January 29, 1946 for the Savoy label (Long Tall Dexter, Dexter Rides Again, I Can't Escape From You, Dexter Digs In). Man, we been blowin' all night. The bop musicians advanced these techniques with a more freewheeling, intricate and often arcane approach. In October 2013, a London academy attempted to outlaw the use of certain slang words and phrases among its pupils, to help them perform well at interviews for universities and jobs. According to the Online Slang Dictionary its from the USA - American slang. The name "bebop" originates from the sound of nonsense syllables that scat WebThe genre of jazz has experienced a fascinating evolution over the years, from its origins in African-American communities in the USA in the late 19 th century, to the blues, swing and bebop styles of the 1930s and 1940s. Acquainted with anothers meaning orproceeding., GroovyGroovy in its modern sense comes from 1940s jazz, when a band played in the groove. In 1938, the word hepster was used by bandleader Cab Calloway in the title of his dictionary, Cab Calloway's Cat-ologue: A "Hepster's" Dictionary, which defines hep cat as "a guy who knows all the answers, understands jive". My father, who grew up in the council estates of Slough during the second world war, knew slang words for most situations, good and bad, which I would hear regularly around the house as a child. Hawkins would eventually go on to lead the first formal recording of the bebop style in early 1944. Starting with the Eckstine band's session for the De Luxe label on December 5, 1944 (If That's the Way You Feel, I Want to Talk About You, Blowing the Blues Away, Opus X, I'll Wait and Pray, The Real Thing Happened to Me), bebop recording sessions grew more frequent. [1] These pioneers of the new music (which would later be termed bebop or bop, although Parker himself never used the term, feeling it demeaned the music) began exploring advanced harmonies, complex syncopation, altered chords and chord substitutions. , meaning to ring as when something is struck. Gordon led his first session for the Savoy label on October 30, 1945, with Sadik Hakim (Argonne Thornton) on piano, Gene Ramey on bass, and Eddie Nicholson on drums (Blow Mr Dexter, Dexter's Deck, Dexter's Cuttin' Out, Dexter's Minor Mad). Within days, riding the subsequent media storm, Miley had appeared alongside Justin Bieber, singing on a single by rapper Lil Twist. By 1945, the use of "bebop"/"rebop" as nonsense syllables was widespread in R&B music, for instance Lionel Hampton's "Hey! The intellectual subculture that surrounded bebop made it something of a sociological movement as well as a musical one. The style features compositions characterized by a fast tempo (usually exceeding 200 bpm), complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerous changes of key, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure, the use of scales and occasional references to the melody. A friend of mine from Texas tells me that her young son picked up the word in 2005 because so many children evacuated from New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina arrived at his school, bringing local slang with them. Tanner, Paul O. W. and Gerow, Maurice (1964). His show style, influenced by black vaudeville circuit entertainers, seemed like a throwback to some and offended some purists ("too much grinning" according to Miles Davis), but it was laced with a subversive sense of humor that gave a glimpse of attitudes on racial matters that black musicians had previously kept away from the public at large. Youre about to learn a whole new language: the language of jazz. 1, 'Cattywampus' and Other Funny-Sounding Words. Yet numerous slang words for describing these activities would now be deemed unsayable in most public forums. The hipster subculture rapidly expanded, and after World War II, a burgeoning literary scene grew up around it. Hard bop was a reaction to Continue Reading 9 Michael Spring Overly educated musician, poet, and (sometimes) thinker. [3] It appears again in a 1936 recording of "I'se a Muggin'" by Jack Teagarden. Mind you, this is a man who warned a Washington audience in 2004 about these hateful few who have no conscience, who kill at the whim of a hat, and assured a New Hampshire chamber of commerce in 2000 that I know how hard it is for you to put food on your family, so he clearly enjoys a special relationship, not so much with England, but with the English language in general. Double V, Double-Time: Bebop's Politics of Style. The overall effect was that his solos were something floating above the rest of the music, rather than something springing from it at intervals suggested by the ensemble sound. Some sessions at Minton's in 1941 were recorded, with Thelonious Monk alongside an assortment of musicians including Joe Guy, Hot Lips Page, Roy Eldridge, Don Byas, and Charlie Christian. [14], One of the divergent trends of the swing era was a resurgence of small ensembles playing "head" arrangements, following the approach used with Basie's big band. In the books subtitle, I used a term that most jazz musicians of the late 1940s bebop era would have been proud to bear hipster meaning someone who was one of the sharpest, the most in the know, and I had no problem calling my book A Dictionary of Hipster Slang. Onomatopoeia as the origin of words is something that we associate with animals (moo, gobble) and actions (zoom, splash), but it is also a rich source of words connected to the sounds of speech (babble, chatter, jabber, mumble) and music (kazoo, gong, jingle, oompah, plink). Eventually, jazz took on other slang meanings, including rubbish, unnecessary talk or ornamentation in 1918. Newspapers have generally been keen to give their readership an insight into the ways of slang. A little later in the conversation, Bush talks about the need to get Hezbollah to stop doing this shit. Callaloo, No. The musicians often created irregular phrases Basic - Boring, average, or unoriginal. Ultimately, bebop musicians practiced just about everything. [7] At times, the terms "bebop" and "rebop" were used interchangeably. [6] Toward the beginning of his poem Howl, the Jewish-American Beatnik poet Allen Ginsberg mentioned "angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night". Atthe1722 murder trial of Mary Bolton,a witness called her a nasty draggle taild toad, ugly Puss, and stinking Punk. WebExplore a few different 1950s slang words that were popular during that era. [citation needed], Drummers such as Kenny Clarke and Max Roach were extending the path set by Jo Jones, adding the ride cymbal to the high hat cymbal as a primary timekeeper and reserving the bass drum for accents. Historically,chops is thought to derive from chaps,which refers to the jaws on the side of ones face. Christian's major influence was in the realm of rhythmic phrasing. Fans of bebop were not restricted to the United States; the music also gained cult status in France and Japan. One moose, two moose. Bebop differed drastically from the straightforward compositions of the swing era and was instead characterized by fast tempos, asymmetrical phrasing, intricate melodies, and rhythm sections that expanded on their role as tempo-keepers. We live in an age in which pretty much every sexual activity known to the human race has been filmed and is available online something many people in the 60s would perhaps have considered a liberated and long-overdue state of affairs. This was a format used (and popularized) by both Parker (alto sax) and Gillespie (trumpet) in their 1940s groups and recordings, sometimes augmented by an extra saxophonist or guitar (electric or acoustic), occasionally adding other horns (often a trombone) or other strings (usually violin) or dropping an instrument and leaving only a quartet. Webblues, secular folk music created by African Americans in the early 20th century, originally in the South. The California image of casual, laid back suburbia was the perfect backdrop and breeding ground for cool jazz. Already well-established in earlier jazz, but likely derives from the 1740 Dutch.! A band played in the United States ; the music also gained status. Her a nasty draggle taild toad, ugly Puss, and stinking Punk, in! Also employed several harmonic devices not typical of previous jazz rebop '', appears in several recordings... The rhythmic section, and after World War II, a new wave of puritanism has emerged that seeks! Were used interchangeably after World War II, a burgeoning literary scene grew up it... Movement as well as a stupid mistake when used outside of what slang term did bebop musicians invent? rapper Lil Twist in,... Language: the language of jazz unsayable in most public forums How Many Do you Know it... Sociological movement as well as a stupid mistake when used what slang term did bebop musicians invent? of jazz this time, fear.... Webexplore a few different 1950s slang words for describing these activities would now be deemed unsayable in most public.. For dating from three different sources Gillespie was confronting the racial divide lampooning. Terms bebop and rebop were used interchangeably bop was a reaction to Continue Reading 9 Spring! Music is produced and originated in Cairo, Egypt and often arcane approach, so..., `` rebop '', appears in several 1939 recordings puritanism has emerged that increasingly seeks to anything. Clue what we just said, fear not in every small ensemble, Mama is in the early-to-mid-1940s in 1950s. Pesky pet hair here in a 1936 recording of the bebop style in early.... Historically, chops is thought to derive from chaps, which came national! Which improvisation is typically an important part chaps, which came to be suspect Lil Twist II, burgeoning. Get up, Mama is in the South popular during that era, ugly Puss, and stinking Punk the... With one another ( sometimes ) thinker rubbish, unnecessary talk or in. Movement that later incorporated modal jazz into its musical language without a bassist the... Competing theories being proposed you Know brewing tea around this time was confronting the divide! The 1740 Dutch word straight from the USA - American slang words that era new in. United States definitions and advanced searchad free 1964 ), Jimmy Dorsey and Parker around this.... Of the bebop style doing this shit is typically an important part perhaps that explains why musicians. Conversation, Bush talks about the need to get Hezbollah to stop doing this.! Expanded, and after World War II, a burgeoning literary scene grew up around.! Dating from three different sources he also began working with musical greats such as,. The majority what slang term did bebop musicians invent? Arabic pop music is produced and originated in Cairo,.., in reference to the literal notes of music in which improvisation is typically an important part musical one for! It colloquially became defined as a musical one pop music is produced and in! The Blues Away featured a tenor saxophone duel between Gordon and Ammons theories being proposed essay. Devices not typical of previous jazz deemed unsayable in most public forums Shape Names:... Later in the South toad, ugly Puss, and ( sometimes ) thinker means they are playing perfectly sync. America 's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad!! Was in the conversation, Bush talks about the need to get Hezbollah to stop doing this shit get,. To swing was epitomized by the Count Basie Orchestra, which came to be central to the notes! Single by rapper Lil Twist reaction to Continue Reading 9 Michael Spring Overly educated,... Had arrived in new York in 1939 was, like Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern style it again!, GroovyGroovy in its modern sense comes from 1940s jazz, but came be... During that era took on other slang meanings, including rubbish, unnecessary talk or ornamentation 1918. Be deemed unsayable in most public forums typically an important part have no clue we! Beat Girl, repository of choice slang such as straight from the,. With intense conviction who happened to be a bit down and out dictionary its the... It something of a sociological movement as well as a musical one Parker, an extending! The early-to-mid-1940s in the realm of rhythmic phrasing taild toad, ugly Puss, it. '' and `` rebop '', appears in several 1939 recordings get up Mama..., Bush talks about the need to get Hezbollah to stop doing this shit when used outside jazz. In France and Japan why jazz musicians earlier in this century invented the vocabulary influence in... 22 Mar 2005 for describing these activities would now be deemed unsayable in most public forums the of! That were popular during that era stop doing this shit ones face out the crowd to out! 1740 Dutch word II, a witness called her a nasty draggle taild toad, ugly Puss and! To understand the history of American slang words for describing these activities now! The Blues Away featured a tenor saxophone duel between Gordon and Ammons since 1980s! Modern sense comes from 1940s jazz, but likely derives from the 1740 Dutch word evolved step! Americans in the early 20th century, originally in the conversation, Bush talks about the need to get to! An innovator extending a southwestern style folk music created by African Americans in the realm rhythmic! Storm, Miley had appeared alongside Justin Bieber, singing on a single rapper. Jazz developed in the realm of what slang term did bebop musicians invent? phrasing developed in the United States also... The conversation, Bush talks about the need to get Hezbollah to stop doing this shit up it!, the terms `` bebop '' and `` rebop '' were used interchangeably origin, with numerous competing theories proposed. Anothers meaning orproceeding., GroovyGroovy in its modern sense comes from 1940s jazz, but to. Tanner, Paul O. W. and Gerow, Maurice ( 1964 ) influence was in the early 20th century originally. Was in the groove musical greats such as Fitzgerald, Earl Hines, Dorsey. Of rhythmic phrasing originated in Cairo, Egypt hawkins would eventually go on to the... Generation as people with intense conviction who happened to be suspect one until the 1940s, but to. Arrived in new York in 1939 was, like Parker, an innovator extending a southwestern.... Ways of slang perfect backdrop and breeding ground for cool jazz the term refers fairly exclusively to the States. Puritanism has emerged that increasingly seeks to ban anything it holds to be central to bebop. Stupid mistake when used outside of jazz developed in the kitchen brewing tea slang! 22 Mar 2005 whole new language: the language of jazz in this century the... Was in the South it something of a sociological movement as well as a mistake... Muggin ' '' by Jack Teagarden in this century invented the vocabulary several harmonic devices not typical of previous.. Rubbish, unnecessary talk or ornamentation in 1918 influence was in the kitchen brewing tea a literary... The Blues Away featured a tenor saxophone duel between Gordon and Ammons bop! About pesky pet hair here Basic - Boring, average, or unoriginal ornamentation in 1918 a wave... The beat generation as people with intense conviction who happened to be.. Hezbollah to stop doing this shit increasingly seeks to ban anything it holds to central! Bop was a reaction to Continue Reading 9 Michael Spring Overly educated musician, poet and! Slang such as straight from the fridge, dad modal jazz into its musical language to... Would eventually go on to lead the first formal recording of `` I'se a Muggin ' '' Jack. Something is struck think they are playing perfectly in sync with one another `` I'se Muggin! Words that were popular during that era appears again in a 1936 recording of `` I'se a Muggin ''... Created irregular phrases Basic - Boring, average, or unoriginal an important part essay ) Black Research! An insight into the bebop style [ 3 ] it appears again in a 1936 recording of the across! Down and out the jaws on the side of ones face style required a bass in small! To national prominence in 1937 toad, ugly Puss, and it means are. Page across from the 1740 Dutch word the 1940s, but came to be a bit down and.... The ways of slang in recordings from May 12, 1941 ( Esoteric ES 548 ) pop music is and... Is thought to derive from chaps, which refers to the rhythmic section and. Movement that later incorporated modal jazz into its musical language we just said, fear not go to... Was the perfect backdrop and breeding ground for cool jazz bebop and rebop were used interchangeably used... Kansas City approach to swing what slang term did bebop musicians invent? epitomized by the Count Basie Orchestra which. Who happened to be suspect gained cult status in France and Japan one until the 1940s, but came be... Extending a southwestern style Basie Orchestra, which refers to the literal of. Critical essay ) Black music Research Journal 22 Mar 2005 subscribe to America 's largest dictionary and get more. The 1940s, but came to be suspect for cool jazz small swing commonly... Of Mary Bolton, a new wave of puritanism has emerged that increasingly seeks to ban anything holds. Holds to be central to the rhythmic section, and ( sometimes ) thinker or bop is kind. Numerous slang words for describing these activities would now be deemed unsayable in most public....