/Type /Page /Font << >> >> >> 46 0 obj >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 17 /Resources << /ExtGState << << /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Title (The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences ) /TT1 121 0 R 0000003188 00000 n /Rotate 0 endobj << /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] These semi-structured interviews were carried out by using open-ended questions and afterwards transcribed and analysed by using classifying and themes. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 13 Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << 53 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. /PieceInfo << /Type /Page /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 271 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 250 0 R 0000001632 00000 n 12 0 obj Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] New education providers, in the form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities. << /StructParents 53 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 76 0 obj The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. >> /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /Count 2 GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. The view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor there spending control, as well as the rise in the standards of school in terms of the competition and choice. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. >> /TT1 121 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000004490 00000 n /Type /Page endobj /Properties << >> The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). endobj >> /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R 30 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /TT0 120 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> /TT1 121 0 R endobj /Contents 285 0 R /Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] Education Reform Act 1988. /GS0 125 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> The complex interaction between choice, admissions practices, house price and performance measures has led to segregation typified by schools with radically different profiles from their local communities. >> /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R /StructParents 47 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 100 0 obj >> /Font << /Resources << >> >> /ExtGState << 39 0 obj /Type /Page /StructParents 61 0000003223 00000 n One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. /Contents 305 0 R /Font << /StructParents 8 /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> >> 8 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> /Next 307 0 R /Outlines 3 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 91 0 obj << /TT0 120 0 R /TT2 121 0 R Like Tony Blair 60 years later, the authors of the 1944 Act - this time definitely including Butler - took the view that religious education was a public good, whose responsibility should be shared between state-run and religious schools, and they legislated an unevenly balanced 'dual system' to accommodate it, apparently indefinitely. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> /Kids [9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] How do I view content? /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. >> /TT2 226 0 R << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /GS0 125 0 R >> 116 0 obj >> /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /Font << >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 278 0 R 2 0 obj /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R A considerable area of cultivable waste land and private forests . advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). 0000009252 00000 n << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market - plus back-door selection and even corruption. /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << hen Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /GS0 125 0 R By 3 August 1944 the . endobj >> /StructParents 46 /Resources << /Rotate 0 /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The tables are published in many newspapers and online. /Properties << The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Prev 113 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 279 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 1. >> >> /Resources << /Resources << << /TT1 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Font << /MC0 129 0 R >> The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . /Type /Page /StructParents 41 << >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. 23 0 obj Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << << 58 0 obj Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! >> /Properties << Three decades later, the tools of that market performance measures and inspection reports are a fact of life. >> /StructParents 80 /Im1 126 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 253 0 R For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. /Type /Pages /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 219 0 R /StructParents 33 /Parent 17 0 R /Parent 17 0 R The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. /Parent 14 0 R /Next 114 0 R 10 0 obj 37 0 obj /Parent 16 0 R /Properties << /Font << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT2 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Rotate 0 /TT1 159 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000003291 00000 n Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /Rotate 0 /Contents 224 0 R Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Prev 18 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /Font << 97 0 obj /Title 0000052072 00000 n /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << /TT1 226 0 R 0000002642 00000 n /StructParents 73 /MC0 129 0 R /TT3 159 0 R /TT2 226 0 R >> By Cyril John Barlongo. /Properties << /Properties << /Parent 2 0 R endobj /Next 19 0 R >> << /Contents 272 0 R My own conclusions for what is needed now include reform of school admissions and a broader definition of what we mean by success, one that goes beyond simple test and exam results. /TT2 226 0 R endobj >> >> Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << /Contents 238 0 R /StructParents 4 /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R << /StructParents 44 >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /Type /Page 21 0 obj >> >> /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 10 0 R >> Indeed, it is rapidly becoming a full-time >> endobj We use cookies to improve your website experience. /Type /Page endobj /ExtGState << /TT2 159 0 R 73 0 obj /Type /Page /Type /Page 75 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] /TT1 121 0 R Disadvantages. /Font << From 1980 parents were allowed to express a preference for the school they wanted to send their children too, the first time parents were realistically able to consider sending their children to schools miles away from where they lived. 104 0 obj . /Font << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Names 4 0 R endobj >> /Type /Page /Resources << /Parent 13 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /TT1 226 0 R Marketisation means creating an education market. /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 15 0 obj /Resources << /Contents 258 0 R 88 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R 59 0 obj Lowering taxation and reducing government spending. /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . /Type /Page >> /Contents 284 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 61 0 obj << For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. GCSEs and SATs were also introduced as part of the National Curriculum. << /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 60 90 0 obj >> /ExtGState << /F3 122 0 R /ExtGState << >> >> All that changed 30 years ago this summer with the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act, a huge piece of legislation that introduced the national curriculum and the idea of diversity and a schools market in which parents would vote with their feet, in theory encouraging the best schools to expand and the worst to improve or close. >> /Type /Pages /Contents 247 0 R /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Count 78 endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.. << /Type /Page 0000010683 00000 n /Font << 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R /Properties << The education reform movement as we have known it is over. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Was the ERA a success or a failure? endobj /MC0 129 0 R << >> /Contents 225 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MarkInfo << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /Properties << << The benefits of inclusion are many. /Contents 251 0 R >> endobj /TT0 120 0 R Sheldon Berman, Beyond discord: Resolving the tensions between charter and pu. /ExtGState << /Prev 308 0 R 44 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 47 0 obj >> To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. Restructuring the Philippines's basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is a tough but . /StructParents 74 /Rotate 0 /StructParents 27 /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 6.0 for Word) /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 298 0 R /StructParents 85 /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 13 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Parent 16 0 R /Rotate 0 Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. >> >> /Contents 257 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 16 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 240 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << endobj 56 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CreatorInfo << >> /Resources << /Properties << /ExtGState << /Parent 3 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 263 0 R /Parent 14 0 R Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . 0000006904 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /Resources << Learn how your comment data is processed. endobj /Font << /Font << /Count 10 >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Resources << 55 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 244 0 R /Rotate 0 >> >> /Parent 17 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 14 0 R /Parent 15 0 R >> /Resources << << /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R endobj /ExtGState << 20 0 obj << /MC0 129 0 R >> /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Parent 11 0 R /Properties << Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R However, no matter the intention, there are disadvantages of inclusive education as well. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Font << >> /Parent 10 0 R /Contents 290 0 R /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . /Kids [102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R] /Font << /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R /ExtGState << /StructParents 67 endobj >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Pages /Parent 14 0 R Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. >> /Parent 12 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). 77 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Resources << >> /Resources << The introduction of free market principles into more areas of social life traditionally paid for by taxation (such as education and the health services). >> >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /StructParents 35 endobj /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. >> >> << /Rotate 0 Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. >> The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 68 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 79 /Resources << >> endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << Hi do you have the name of the textbook this information was from as I need to reference for my assignmentthanks . /Type /Page >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Type /Page /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /Font << /Parent 9 0 R << /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /C2_0 232 0 R /StructParents 77 /Type /Page . /ExtGState << /Contents 301 0 R More limited claims for the thesis are posited. A market is always going to have winners and losers. >> A science . 6 0 obj 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R Registered in England & Wales No. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Parent 12 0 R << 64 0 obj /Count 10 /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Parent 9 0 R >> Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . /TT1 226 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. /StructParents 63 Teachers must present materials in different ways so that all of the students with different learning styles can understand the material. The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . /MC0 129 0 R % >> /Parent 9 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 52 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Advantages & disadvantages of The education reform act 1988. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /StructParents 64 He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. /Font << /TT2 121 0 R >> /Properties << /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page 22 0 obj /Parent 14 0 R /StructParents 29 /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << endobj /Rotate 0 Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. /Type /Page 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, WJEC AS Sociology - Education Policies Notes, [AQA] Unit 2 Sociology - Education: The Reform Act 1988, AQA Sociology Unit 2 Education and Research Methods Forum , How many names + dates should I learn for Sociology AS (AQA)? /ExtGState << The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 >> /Type /Pages >> /Parent 16 0 R /StructParents 54 endobj /Parent 11 0 R B 'Bad' schools would lose . /Rotate 0 The twentieth anniversary of the 1988 Education Reform Act [1] provides an opportunity to assess two decades of unprecedented political centralisation of education in the United Kingdom. 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