At dawn the battle was renewed in fury as Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand threw most of his XIII Corps toward Greens thin gray line. Battle of Mine Run. Port Gibson was the opening battle in a successful two-month-long Union campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, and take control of the Mississippi River. A counterattack by Col. Francis Cockrells Missouri regiments was repulsed in the late afternoon and the Southerners were forced from the field. Wary of Tracy's Brigade to the north, McClernand posted Brig. At roughly 8 a.m., a Union musket ball pierced General Tracys breast, killing him instantly, but his men held on until about 10 a.m. when their lines crumbled. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Every purchase supports the mission. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Vicksburg sits on a high bluff on the eastern side of the Mississippi River, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Grant understood the nature of the explosion and rode to Grand Gulf with a small escort, enjoying his first bath in weeks, and celebrating the capture of what would become his central supply depot as he moved inland. Sherman's feint against the Yazoo Bluffsthe Battle of Snyder's Bluffwas a complete success, and only a single Confederate brigade was detached south. Unaware that Grant had pulled back, Sherman attacked, but Rebels forces defeated him at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862). Battle of Port Gibson - Grant's March Marker. Built between 1859-1861, the plantation was the home of wealthy planter, Smith Coffee Daniell, II. Rather than form on Garrotts endangered right, Green assumed position on his left and, thus, provided little support. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. With 20,000 men crowded into a 1.5-mile (2.4km) front, McClernand's plan appeared to be to force his way past the Confederate line. Ohio Civil War Centralis a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, a program designed to allowsites to generate revenue by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. When spring arrived, he set a new plan into motion. Records 53-97. In June, the Union tightened its grip on the Mississippi, when federal forces captured the river city of Memphis, Tennessee. Obtaining the full control of the Mississippi River was an early and vital war aim for the Federals. On the Bruinsburg Road front, Osterhaus had been content to pressure Tracy's command with Federal sharpshooters and artillery, occasionally launching an unsupported regiment against the Confederate line. A late 1862 advance south from Tennessee ended with Confederates severing Grants supply lines. As McPhersons troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Greens advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. On April 29, 1863, Grant put his grand scheme into action. 17 (Dept. Leading up to the Battle of Port Gibson in the spring of 1863, confederate troops used the roof observatory as a lookout as Grant's army crossed the Mississippi River. As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. Supplies were piled on all sorts of wagons and carriages for the surprise march on the Confederates. . The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. To divert attention from his main operations, Grant ordered Sherman to feign an attack against Confederate forces stationed at Snyders Bluff, upriver from Vicksburg, from April 29 through May 1. The area is now largely wooded, with a scattering of non-historic houses and other buildings, mainly along Rodney Road which roughly bisects the battlefield. In late April, Grant finally struck gold. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! He sent three divisions, commanded by his most trusted subordinate, General William T. Sherman, down the river from Memphis to attack Vicksburg from the north. [4], After a number of failed attempts to reach Vicksburg from the north and northeast, Union General Ulysses S. Grant decided to march his army down the west side of the Mississippi River, past Vicksburg, and locate a crossing area from which he could reach the city from the south. The creators behind American History Central are historians, developers, and website specialists who have built multiple digital encyclopedias. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. Farragut made two attempts to do so in May and June 1862, but both excursions failed. William T. Shermanattempted to storm the city but came up short at Chickasaw Bayou. The 23rd Wisconsin Infantry was held in reserve during the morning but in the afternoon captured 20 prisoners. By late 1861, President Abraham Lincoln was pressuring Union commanders in the west to invade the South. Battlefield map courtesy of the American Battlefield Trust. Port Hudson Maps. The land on the Louisiana side of the river, opposite Vicksburg, was rough, etched with poor roads and many streams. Begin or dive deeper into researching your family tree, Learn about the spaces, places, & unique story of your community, The largest North American Heritage collection after the Library of Congress. Although most of the Port Gibson battlefield is still privately owned, the Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 644 acres (2.61km2) of the Port Gibson battlefield. The stillness of the night was shattered as a volley of musketry came in reply. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Advanced elements of the XVII Corps arrived in time to save the bridge from destruction. McPherson's Corps marched along Bruinsburg Road. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered and around 10:00 a.m. his line collapsed. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! 4. Old Natchez Trace (132-3T), located northeast of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, about 0.7 miles north of the Mangum Mound Site at milepost 45.7. Confederate Brig. Because the city was perched atop a heavily fortified bluff, they decided to cross the Mississippi downstream from it and circle around from the rear. Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites! Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. The federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg on the Mississippi side. This historical marker is Near Bruinsburg in Claiborne County Mississippi, 3. The Union fleet, however, failed to silence the Confederate batteries at Grand Gulf. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. . During the winter, Grant made several unsuccessful attempts to approach Vicksburg from other directions. Gen. Edward Tracy, who anchored the Confederate right flank roughly a mile and half to the northwest. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Join us July 13-16! Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, the commander of Confederate troops in and around Vicksburg, had roughly 30,000 soldiers at his disposal. Gen. Eugene A. Carr engaged Confederate pickets near the Shaifer House. The victory was key in setting the foundation for Grant's successful conclusion to the Vicksburg Campaign. Grant then sailed farther south and began crossing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30. Having landed on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River unopposed at Bruinsburg, the Union army pushed steadily inland through the night on April 30, 1863. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. The ragtag army that had fought so well at Port Gibson would not rest until they had entered the Warrenton fortifications nearly ten miles away. The bluff upon which the city sits made it nearly impossible to assault from the river. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Noted are the Battle of Port Gibson, May 1, 1863, the Battle of Raymond, May 12, 1863, the Battle of Jackson, May 14, 1863, the Battle of Champion Hill, May 16, 1863, and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863. A crossing point at Bruinsburg, just south of the mouth of Bayou Pierre, was described as suitable for the army's use, and on April 30, 1863 Grant began what was then one of the largest amphibious military operations in United States history. The Union victory secured that beachhead and paved the way for the eventual fall of Vicksburg. Resounding Union victories at the Battle of Champion Hill (May 16) and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge (May 17), forced Pemberton to take refuge within the City of Vicksburg proper. In July 1862, President Abraham Lincoln summoned Major General Henry W. Halleck to Washington to serve as chief of all Union armies. Restoration of the sit is in progress and the majority of the battlefield is privately owned. Battle of Raymond: May 12 The Union victory secured that beachhead and paved the way for the eventual fall of Vicksburg. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Fortunately for Grant, Pemberton took literally his orders to defend Vicksburg at all costs. Despite heavy Rebel fire, Porter passed the city, losing only one ship. Confederate forces were entrenched at Magnolia Church. Wayne Hsieh/Flickr. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Meanwhile, Grants troop barges, protected by Porters gunboats, ran past Fort Cobun. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Almost by mutual consent, the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m., and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. In the Battle of Port Gibsons aftermath, Major General Ulysses S. Grant turned his army east and drove General Joseph E. Johnstons forces away from the state capital at Jackson, Mississippi, on May 14, 1863. Battle of Port Gibson Grants March Marker, Battle of Port Gibson Grants March. The Confederates there were commanded by Maj. Gen. John S. Bowen, who had moved a division forward from Grand Gulf to confront Grant's XVII Corps under Maj. General James B. McPherson and XIII Corps under Maj. General John A. McClernand. The men act nobly, but the odds are overpowering. After two desperate Rebel counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. A desperate Confederate counterattack by Cockrells Missourians was repulsed, and Bowen ordered a retreat. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. Gen. John Bowen, in overall Confederate command on the field, worked feverishly to restore his line. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Mine Run - Union Off. On January 30, 1862, the Western Theater commander, General Henry Halleck, reluctantly approved Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant's request to attack Fort Henry, located on the Tennessee River. By 1863, Union forces controlled almost the entire length of the Mississippi River. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Located eight miles northwest of Port Gibson, Mississippi off Highway 61, this 450 acre landmark is listed on . A single brigade of reinforcements from Vicksburg under Brig. To the east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded the city from an overland assault. The general tried to calm their fears by telling them that the enemy could not possibly arrive before daylight. The site is also known as the Grindstone Ford. Additionally, Confederate dead from the Battle of Port Gibson are buried in "Soldiers' Row" of Wintergreen Cemetery, located in the town of Port Gibson. Shortly after midnight on May 1, advanced elements of the 14th Division under Brig. In the aftermath of the battle, Grant turned his army east and drove General Joseph E. Johnston's forces away from the state capital at Jackson, Mississippi, on May 14, 1863. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. Despite the large number of Yankees involved, the Confederate forces in the area were still superior in number. When . [4], The surviving Shaifer plantation house is now owned by the state. As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: "We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Join us July 13-16! As he relaxed, he caught up on correspondence, including a message from Banks that he was nowhere near Port Hudson. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled. United States. Port Gibson Battlefield Mississippi Old Rodney Rd Port Gibson, MS 39150 United States Website https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Windsor Plantation. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. As Greens men scrambled to the rear, Brig. Gen. William E. Baldwin's Brigade arrived later and was positioned in support of Green's Brigade. Noted are the Battle of Port Gibson, May 1, 1863, the Battle of Raymond, May 12, 1863, the Battle of Jackson, May 14, 1863, the Battle of Champion Hill, May 16, 1863, and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. [6], The battlefield area is about 4 miles (6.4km) west of Port Gibson. Old Rodney Rd Consider donating to their mission to preserve battlefields like Port Gibson for future generat. On May 2, Grant quickly maneuvered Bowen out of position by sending McPherson to cross the Bayou Pierre at a ford several miles upstream. Night fighting such as this was rare in the Civil War as it was difficult to maintain command and control of the troops. The Confederate victory proved to be inconsequential, however. Mine Run - Conf. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Vicksburg, Mississippi, was one of only two places remaining in Confederate hands. Vicksburg is located on the eastern side of the Mississippi, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. Port Gibson, MS 39150 This survey was of a two-acre borrow area . Known as The Gibraltar of the Confederacy, the city seemed to be impregnable. Fighting in the scattered fields and forest around the Shaifer House intensified as more Union regiments and batteries came into action. April 30, 1863 Federals March toward Port Gibson As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. The general tried to calm their fears by telling them that the enemy could not possibly arrive before daylight. [5] In 2011, the Civil War Preservation Trust was renamed the Civil War Trust, which in 2018 became a division of the American Battlefield Trust. MOVING INLAND: BATTLE OF PORT GIBSON The first day ashore, Grant pushed McClernand two miles inland to high, dry ground and on toward the town of Port Gibson, where a bridge across Big Bayou Pierre led to Grand Gulf (which Grant coveted as a supply base on the Mississippi). If Union forces could gain control of the Mississippi, they could deny the Confederacy easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. View the original source document: WHI 90836, Location: Port Gibson, Mississippi (Google Map), Campaign: Grant's Operations Against Vicksburg (March-July 1863). Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, establishing federal control of both waterways. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. Under threat of being surrounded, Bowen was also forced to evacuate the formidable Fort Cobun at Grand Gulf, yielding control of the area to Grant's Army of the Tennessee. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). Gen. A. J. Smith's 10th Division and Stevenson's Brigade of McPherson's XVII Corps, McClernand resumed the pursuit. To the east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded the city from an overland assault. Bowen moved south from Grand Gulf with Brig. A desperate Confederate counterattack by Cockrells Missourians was repulsed and Bowen ordered a retreat. Later that night, Grant ordered McClernand and Major General James B. McPherson to march their 13th and 17th Army Corps down the Louisiana side of the Mississippi past Grand Gulf. The Battle of Port Gibson occurred on May 1, 1863, and resulted in the deaths of more than 200 Union and Confederate soldiers. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. To the north, nearly impenetrable swamps and bayous protected Vicksburg. Part of the battle was fought on the Bruinsburg Road at Point Lookout. In late April 1863, Union troops on the west bank advanced toward Vicksburg. After five and one-half hours of shelling by Porter's squadron failed to silence Fort Cobun, a Confederate artillery stronghold guarding the Mississippi River, Grant called an end to the Battle of Grand Gulf. Gen. Martin E. Green's Brigade and took up a position astride the Rodney road just southwest of Port Gibson near Magnolia Church. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The Confederate defeat resulted in their losing the ability to hold Mississippi and defend against an amphibious attack . When Confederates under Brig. At the onset of the American Civil War, the State of Tennessee comprised most of the northern border of the Confederate States of America in the West. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The Port Gibson Battlefield is the site near Port Gibson, Mississippi where the 1863 Battle of Port Gibson was fought during the American Civil War. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, establishing Federal control of both waterways. To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the help of his naval forces. The Confederate right did not last long. [Source: Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields (Washington, 1993); Estabrook, C. Records and Sketches of Military Organizations (Madison, 1914); Love, W. Wisconsin in the War of the Rebellion (Madison, 1866)], Sign up for the Wisconsin Historical Society Newsletter, 1996-2023 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706, Port Gibson, Battle of | Wisconsin Historical Society, Read About the Experiences of Wisconsin Troops. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, commander of Confederate troops near Vicksburg, had roughly 30,000 soldiers under his authority. Please call for camping info. Meanwhile, Grant approached the city with the bulk of his army from the east, but Rebel cavalry cut his supply lines, forcing him to retreat before launching an assault. Bowens thin line covered both the Rodney and Bruinsburg Roads. A flanking assault by Col. Francis Cockrell's Missouri brigade crumpled the Federal right flank and gave McClernand pause. Successive Union attacks buckled the Confederate lines. See and touch history at Historic Sites, Museums and special events, Restore your historic home or property, get tax credits, renovation tips, This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. Grand Gulf Military Monument Park. The brigades of Brig. Despite the thousands of Yankees involved, the Confederate forces in the area still outnumbered them. 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