Om//~0V#j&I."R!,rP_fnme0KE(BG While the department still has an important role to play in preventing attacks against the United States from abroad, many of todays most serious risks to Americas safety and prosperityincluding natural disasters, pandemic disease, cyberattacks, and domestic extremism fueled by white supremacyoriginate at home or are borderless by nature. In each of the cases outlined below, there is another federal agency or office charged with a similar or identical mission that is better equipped to fulfill it or the current tasks do not fit todays needs. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Threat Assessment (Washington: 2020), available at https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2020_10_06_homeland-threat-assessment.pdf. The organizational structure of, for example, a company is a system used to define its hierarchy. There is no other department with DHSs range of flexible authorities and unique capacity to respond to these issues and others that fall between the gaps of responsibilities of other federal departments and agencies. Recent steps announced by Speaker Pelosis office toward centralizing authority under the House Committee on Homeland Security by the current Congress are a welcome step but need to be further developed and have not been taken up by the Senate.85 Congress and the Biden administration should build on these important reforms to further consolidate and centralize oversight responsibilities and work toward passing an annual authorization for the department. Who we are The Minnesota Department of Human Services is an organization of individuals with a commitment to bettering the lives of Minnesotans. The original legislation that created DHS tasked the new agency with seven primary missions, almost all of which relate to counterterrorism: The original administration proposal in June 2002 to create DHS proposed a clear and efficient organizational structure with four divisions: border and transportation security; emergency and preparedness response; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear countermeasures; and information analysis and infrastructure protection.16 By the time it came into existence, however, the original agencies and different components of the federal government brought together under the DHS umbrella represented a much broader range of activities.17. { document.getElementById('search-form').focus(); }, 300);">, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-114hhrg99575/html/CHRG-114hhrg99575.htm, https://reason.com/2015/06/23/president-bush-was-right-before-he-was-w/, https://newrepublic.com/article/147099/dismantle-department-homeland-security, 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https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/08/tsa-screening-racial-religious-profiling-aclu-study, https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/immigrants-rights-and-detention/national-security-entry-exit-registration, https://www.aclu.org/other/secure-communities-s-comm, https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/reforming-the-department-of-homeland-security-through-enhanced-oversight-accountability, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/16/515685385/ice-detains-a-victim-of-domestic-abuse-at-texas-courthouse, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/26/560149316/10-year-old-girl-is-detained-by-ice-officers-after-emergency-surgery, https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/ice-and-border-patrol-abuses, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryancbrooks/el-paso-walmart-mass-shooting-survivor-deported, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ice-raids-in-mississippi-officials-tout-largest-single-state-immigration-sweeps-in-us-history-today-2019-08-07/, https://www.aclumich.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/100_mile_zone_report-updated.pdf, https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/527118-congressional-committee-power-erodes-homeland-security, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/event/time-to-reform-congressional-oversight-of-the-dhs/, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/news/press-releases/former-and-acting-secretaries-of-homeland-security-sign-open-letter-on-consolidating-congressional-jurisdiction-over-dhs/, https://www.lawfareblog.com/modernizing-department-homeland-security, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1205_dhs-organizational-chart.pdf, https://www.tsa.gov/sites/default/files/resources/tsaatglance_factsheet.pdf, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0318_MGMT_FY-2020-Budget-In-Brief.pdf, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/FY-2021-CBJ-Final.pdf, https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Org-Directory.pdf, https://bestplacestowork.org/rankings/overall/large, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/us/border-patrol-culture.html, https://www.wola.org/analysis/fixing-a-culture-protects-rewards-abuse-us-border-agencies/, https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/28/politics/donald-trump-immigration-detention-deportations-enforcement/index.html, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/03/02/how-border-apprehensions-ice-arrests-and-deportations-have-changed-under-trump/, https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/why-central-american-migrants-are-arriving-us-border, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2018/06/13/452025/asylum-trump-era/, https://cmsny.org/biden-immigration-executive-actions/, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/solarwinds-hack-russia-cyberattack-60-minutes-2021-02-14/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2021/04/21/498156/national-policy-blueprint-end-white-supremacist-violence/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2014/05/07/dhs-a-wasteful-growing-fear-mongering-beast/, https://fcw.com/articles/2019/11/25/cyber-roles-johnson.aspx, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2020/10/07/the-true-size-of-government-is-nearing-a-record-high/, https://immigrationimpact.com/2017/04/25/spike-corruption-followed-last-hiring-surge-cbp-ice/#.XzPdkzUpA2x, https://qz.com/1664253/cbp-officers-arrested-5-times-as-often-as-other-law-enforcement/, https://www.usagm.gov/who-we-are/oversight/legislation/smith-mundt-faqs/, https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/congress-should-strengthen-laws-outlawing-domestic-government-propaganda, https://www.cisa.gov/news/2020/11/04/statement-cisa-director-krebs-following-final-day-voting, https://allongeorgia.com/national-news/tsa-touting-success10-million-pre-check-enrolles/, https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/Secure_Communities_by_the_Numbers.pdf, https://www.policylink.org/sites/default/files/INSECURE_COMMUNITIES_REPORT_FINAL.PDF, https://www.aila.org/advo-media/aila-policy-briefs/policy-brief-walled-off-how-uscis-has-closed, https://www.vox.com/2018/2/22/17041862/uscis-removes-nation-of-immigrants-from-mission-statement, https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/yuma-sector-s-border-safety-initiative-extreme-heat-precautions, https://whnt.com/news/border-patrol-agents-carry-out-multiple-rescues-during-south-texas-deep-freeze/, https://www.dhs.gov/publication/homeland-security-presidential-directive-5, https://twitter.com/ljfernandez/status/1362865951012577282?s=21, https://www.cisa.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors, https://www.wfaa.com/article/news/local/texas/federal-emergency-declaration-for-severe-winter-weather-in-texas/285-f242c695-79f9-4f34-a2b2-4af680b0a4e0, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-welcome-patrol-how-some-border-agents-are-struggling-with-bidens-policy-shift-2021-05-14/, https://www.cbp.gov/about/leadership-organization/executive-assistant-commissioners-offices, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, FY 2021 Congressional Budget Justification (dhs.gov), https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/us/politics/state-of-the-coast-guard.html, https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone, https://www.lawfareblog.com/unpacking-dhss-troubling-explanation-portland-van-video, https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2021-04/OIG-21-31-Mar21.pdf, https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2017/OIG-17-22-Jan17.pdf, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R43522.pdf, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2020/11/30/493173/new-paradigm-humane-effective-immigration-enforcement/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2019/07/22/472378/restoring-rule-law-fair-humane-workable-immigration-system/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2015/12/18/127769/how-for-profit-companies-are-driving-immigration-detention-policies/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2018/06/28/452912/trumps-executive-order-rewards-private-prison-campaign-donors/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/08/18/justice-department-says-it-will-end-use-of-private-prisons/, https://www.congress.gov/99/statute/STATUTE-100/STATUTE-100-Pg992.pdf, https://americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/reports/2019/04/02/467776/building-meaningful-civil-rights-liberties-oversight-u-s-department-homeland-security/, Preventing a terrorist attack within the United States, Reducing the United States vulnerability to terrorism, Minimizing the damage and assisting in the recovery from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States, Carrying out all functions of entities transferred to the department, including responding to natural and human-made disasters, Ensuring that missions related to homeland security are fulfilled, Ensuring that such activities do not affect the overall economic security of the United States, Monitoring connections between illegal drug trafficking and terrorism, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient: Industry Recommendations to Improve Homeland Security, September 18, 2015, available at, See, for example, Matt Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security, Reason, June 23, 2015, available at, For example, Thomas Warrick and Caitlin Durkovich, Future of DHS Project: Key Findings and Recommendations (Washington: Atlantic Council, 2020) available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Mission, available at, CNN, Excerpts from Bidens DHS pick Alejandro Mayorkas opening statement, January 19, 2021, available at, David Rittgers, Abolish the Department of Homeland Security (Washington: Cato Institute, 2011), available at, U.S. House of Representatives, Making DHS More Efficient., See, for example, Meyer, Why We Should Eliminate the Department of Homeland Security; Ford, Dismantle the Department of Homeland Security., See, for example, Warrick and Durkovich, Future of DHS Project., Danyelle Solomon, Tom Jawetz, and Sanam Malik, The Negative Consequences of Entangling Local Policing and Immigration Enforcement (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2017), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Creation of the Department of Homeland Security, available at, Harold C. Relyea, Homeland Security: Department Organization and ManagementImplementation Phase (Washington: Congressional Research Service, 2005), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, About DHS, available at, Congressional Research Service, Trends in the Timing and Size of DHS Appropriations: In Brief (Washington: 2019), available at, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 296, 107th Congress, 2nd sess. Meanwhile, with few exceptions, DHS has not yet found its stride in the conduct of its core responsibilities. Attachment(s): The Coast Guard provides perhaps the best example, balancing its search and rescue missions with its clear and tailored drug and migrant interdiction roles. The current administration and Congress will need to work together for longer-term changes to institutionalize reforms. Incident response is a role that DHS is well situated to lead, and by doing so, and doing so well, other federal agencies can leverage DHSs incident response capacity and avoid replication. Organization Organization The list of all Operational and Support Components that make up the Department along with our organization chart and the list of senior leadership. First, DHS should adopt a service-oriented approach to citizenship and immigration services that is welcoming to immigrants and the U.S. citizens and residents hoping to sponsor them. DHS should invest in innovation and first-rate customer service approaches that allow the department to secure our air, land, and sea borders while providing a welcoming and dignified experience. DHS was formally established as a stand-alone, Cabinet-level department on March 1, 2003, bringing 22 federal agencies under one umbrella to coordinate efforts to secure the homeland. During the Trump administration, however, the focus of DHS shifted squarely toward heavy-handed enforcement designed to terminate access to the country for asylum-seekers.48 The Biden administration has taken a different approach to border management and is beginning to reverse policies and repair the damage made to the immigration and asylum systems during the Trump administration.49 However, many challenges persist and demonstrate the need for a reorientation of cultural norms at DHS. Mara Rudman, Rudy deLeon, Joel Martinez, 5 More %PDF-1.5 % While it is beyond the scope of this report to detail where every subcomponent within DHS belongs, components that are primarily focused on investigating violations of federal laws should most naturally live within the FBI, the lead agency charged with investigating criminal activity. Atlantic Council, Former and Acting Secretaries of Homeland Security sign open letter on consolidating congressional jurisdiction over DHS., Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, Public Law 433, 99th Congress, 2nd sess. Without clear and streamlined oversight responsibilities, Congress lacks the ability to act in its appropriate legislative role to set and guide the departments priorities and activities. There is no other department better suited to coordinate effective federal emergency response; communicate threat information between the public and private sectors; provide a working, humane approach to border management; facilitate an integrated cybersecurity and infrastructure capacity; and implement effective approaches to counter the threats from domestic extremism fueled by white supremacy and the rise of anti-government militias. Xs~_7^{$}UAe5u)haU8vP6179kqZ>95[6No4%OcE6:&v+ yz Executive Office of Health and Human Services Department of Public Health Senior Managers February 23, 2023 Assistant Commissioner Administrator X (Vacant) Director, Staff Training & Development Program Manager VI Elena Nuciforo Chief Operating Officer Administrator XI Eileen Sullivan Deputy Chief Operating Family Health & Director . The authors understand that this would result in a further fractured immigration bureaucracy, with border enforcement staying within the department but enforcement moving out of DHS. Katrina Mulligan and others, A National Policy Blueprint to End White Supremacist Violence (Washington: Center for American Progress and the McCain Institute, 2021), available at, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Organizational Chart., See, for example, reporting in 2014 highlighted by Radley Balko, DHS: A wasteful, growing, fear-mongering beast,, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Countering Foreign Influence Task Force, available at, Derek B. Johnson, With U.S. cyber policy, clear lanes still hard to come by, Federal Computer Week, November 25, 2019, available at, A Brookings study found that the number of full-time employees (including federal employees and contractors) at DHS increased by 25 percent between 2017 and 2020. A list of senior leaders at the Department. Without such a mechanism, America lacks critical information on threats that could be mitigated, and the government is unable to enlist the capacity of American businesses and the American people in its threat response. }. As CAP has previously argued, Congress and the administration can do more to empower the current DHS Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL). Successive reform efforts and the use of DHS to advance partisan political objectives have led to sharp swings in the departments headquarters-level focus. The . DHS should play a leading role in responding to all emergencies that threaten the safety and security of Americans, even when the response will rely heavily upon expertise housed in other federal departmentssuch as the Department of Health and Human Services and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expertise that is critical to the pandemic responseor at the state level. It recommends that DHS adopt a new safety and services model, outlined above, that increases its emphasis on connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helping, while simultaneously recalibrating its focus on external threats by bringing its emphasis on protecting, securing, preventing, and enforcing into better balance with its other priorities. While the department will continue its efforts to protect, secure, prevent, and enforce,4 CAP proposes a strategic shift to a safety and services framework for DHS that would bring the departments existing responsibilities into balance and realign its priorities around five new core values: connecting, communicating, facilitating, welcoming, and helping. Despite consensus among policymakers that the department could be far more effective,1 there is little agreement on how to fix it. Finally, this report proposes near- and longer-term steps that the current administration could take to realize this vision and deliver better value for the American people. DHS has a key role in CBPs primary function, facilitating safely the transfer of goods and people, with its related enforcement component supporting that function. Operational and Support Components The goal of this report is to provide a vision for what a revitalized DHS could achieve for Americans and those who visit or seek safety or opportunity here. ICE, which views itself as essential law enforcement partners,79 enforces immigration laws and combats transnational crime, a mission that overlaps with that of the DOJ. DHS provides high-quality, affordable health care coverage and public health services to Wisconsin residents. CAP focused on first-order questions about DHSs mission and value proposition and how that relates to the needs, challenges, and opportunities facing the nation today. Establishing the protection of civil liberties and privacy as a core DHS mission would fill a critical gap in executive branch roles that is not currently being comprehensively addressed by other departments and agencies. He is responsible for overseeing the organization's contracting functions with a focus on integrity and positive impact. DHS has used its authorities in ways that have eroded already weak trust among swaths of the American population, particularly among marginalized communities. Refocusing DHSs immigration activities on the provision of services to facilitate admission, with enforcement that supports that objective, will pay dividends for America by promoting family unity rather than family separation; ensuring American employers can more easily access a global workforce; enhancing the United States influence by streamlining access to the country for tourists and visitors from around the world; and restoring our identity as a generous nation that keeps the door open to those fleeing harm in their home countries. It should also prioritize reducing the backlog of visa applications accumulated under the Trump administration.66 Focusing on these aspects will provide value to U.S. citizens, visitors, those who seek to become Americans, those who want to reunite with family members, and the businesses that rely on these individuals to help the U.S. economy grow. } In 2017 and with overwhelming bipartisan support, the House of Representatives passed H.R. See the organizational chart for the Department of Homeland Security. While DHS can contribute to efforts to thwart organized crime and bring criminal actors to justice, the DOJ should continue to serve as the lead federal agency for TOC. ICE is charged with enforcing immigration laws and investigating the illegal movement of people and goods. Sarnata Reynolds, Caroline Medina, Molly Weston Williamson, Rachael Eisenberg, Brandon Tucker, Hadi Sedigh. , an advocacy organization dedicated to improving the lives of all Americans. Established in 2003, the Department of Homeland Security was largely defined by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and the response to those tragic events continues to shape the priorities and mission of the department today. For large organizations like the DHS, managing IT and finding ways for disparate systems to work together can be a complicated task; doing so while supporting government operations means that the stakes can be even higher and the consequences more widespread. Whether leading the federal response or coordinating other federal players, local governments, and nongovernmental organizations, the United States needs an agency charged with emergency preparedness and response capabilities that serves as the lead coordinator of U.S. government emergency preparedness and response efforts on the wide range of emergencies that affect the country. Finally, it would ensure that DHS is most effectively positioned to solve national challenges. DHS could also develop better warning and prediction systems that enable a more proactive federal response and assistance presence. Even more so, the Border Patrol has a significant deficit of trust to make up in border communities, which in turn has led to morale issues within the rank and file and resistance to policy changes.72. Rebalancing toward a safety and services model requiresbringingDHSs activitiesintobalance andensuring they arenot overly focused on threat-oriented priorities. After looking at each homeland security organizational structure, a number of recommendations were made that could benefit each entity. As DHS approaches its 20-year mark, the United States has an opportunity to redefine the departments value proposition for the future and to better align DHSs structure and activities with its mission. At the national level, DHSs attention and political emphasis is out of balance with many of todays most serious threats. A clear structure allows every team member to be involved. Particularly among marginalized communities example, a number of recommendations were made could! 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